Vulnerability database
Every flaw the U.S. government’s cybersecurity agency (CISA) has confirmed attackers are using, plus the new WordPress plugin and theme bugs published each day, sorted by what they mean for a small business. We refresh it twice a day. If you see something your website or office runs, tell us.
242 results · page 1 of 5
Oct 20, 2026Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup pppoe functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1CVE-2026-42020 · Other software · totolink · reported by talos-cna@cisco.comCritical 9.1
Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup pppoe functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability concerns the pppoe_dns2 parameter.
- Product
- Totolink
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Oct 20, 2026Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup pppoe functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1CVE-2026-42019 · Other software · totolink · reported by talos-cna@cisco.comCritical 9.1
Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup pppoe functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability concerns the pppoe_dns1 parameter.
- Product
- Totolink
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Oct 15, 2026pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains a crontab injection vulnerability in interfaces_ppps_edit.php that allows authenticated users to execute commands as root by iCVE-2026-111220 · Other software · Netgate · reported by VulnCheckHigh 8.6
pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains a crontab injection vulnerability in interfaces_ppps_edit.php that allows authenticated users to execute commands as root by injecting newlines into the ptpid or reset hour/minute fields. Attackers holding the 'WebCfg - Interfaces: PPPs: Edit' privilege can submit crafted POST values that configure_cron() writes unescaped into /etc/crontab, running arbitrary root commands on schedule.
- Product
- pfSense CE
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordabraxaslabs.techgithub.com
Oct 15, 2026Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains a newline injection vulnerability in services_pppoe_edit.php that allows privileged users to inject mpd.secret entriesCVE-2026-111219 · Other software · Netgate · reported by VulnCheckHigh 7.5
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains a newline injection vulnerability in services_pppoe_edit.php that allows privileged users to inject mpd.secret entries via unvalidated username POST fields. Attackers with the PPPoE Server Edit privilege can add a line whose secret begins with '!', making mpd5 run commands as root when a PPPoE client authenticates.
- Product
- pfSense CE
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordabraxaslabs.techgithub.com
Oct 14, 2026SmsForwarder through 3.5.0 contains a missing authentication vulnerability in its AndServer HTTP server that allows unauthenticated network attackers to invoke CVE-2026-110618 · Other software · pppscn · reported by VulnCheckHigh 8.6
SmsForwarder through 3.5.0 contains a missing authentication vulnerability in its AndServer HTTP server that allows unauthenticated network attackers to invoke remote-control APIs. Attackers can call the default-enabled endpoints to read SMS, call logs and contacts, send SMS, and export or overwrite configuration via the clone API.
- Product
- SmsForwarder
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Oct 13, 2026Heap-based buffer overflow in Remote Access Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) EAP-TLS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.CVE-2026-84015 · Computers, phones & browsers · Microsoft · reported by secure@microsoft.comCritical 9.8
Heap-based buffer overflow in Remote Access Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) EAP-TLS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
- Product
- Windows 10 Version 1607
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Oct 13, 2026Insufficient input validation vulnerability in the PPPoE Setup feature of NETGEAR R7300 router allows authenticated administrators connected to the local networCVE-2026-107917 · Network & remote access · NETGEAR · reported by a2826606-91e7-4eb6-899e-8484bd4575d5Medium 4.3
Insufficient input validation vulnerability in the PPPoE Setup feature of NETGEAR R7300 router allows authenticated administrators connected to the local network to perform unauthorized actions on the router. This issue was identified through testing in a controlled research environment using a simulated version of the router's software and has not been confirmed on physical production devices.
- Product
- R7300DST
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordkb.netgear.comnetgear.com
Oct 6, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pppoatm: ensure a writable skb header and linear data In pppoatm_send(), LLC encapsulationCVE-2026-98287 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pppoatm: ensure a writable skb header and linear data In pppoatm_send(), LLC encapsulation checks whether there is sufficient headroom for the 4-byte LLC header, but does not ensure that the skb header is writable. Normal transmit packets passing through ppp_start_xmit() have their header unshared via skb_cow_head(). However, packets can also reach pppoatm_send() via PPP channel bridging (PPPIOCBRIDGECHAN) without going through ppp_start_xmit(). Use skb_cow_head() to ensure both sufficient headroom and a writable header before pushing the LLC header. While at it: - Call pskb_may_pull(skb, 1) before inspecting skb->data[0] to prevent out-of-bounds reads on zero-length or non-linear frames (e.g. from bridging). - Defer SC_COMP_PROT protocol compression until after pppoatm_may_send() succeeds. This eliminates the temporary skb allocation on admission failure and completely removes the fragile "undo" heuristic at the nospace label, avoiding any risk of reading uninitialized headroom or performing an unbalanced skb_push().
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Sep 29, 2026Unbounded PPP IPCP Option Parsing Causes a Worker Stall and Out-of-bounds ReadCVE-2026-102726 · Other software · Eclipse Foundation · reported by emo@eclipse.orgMedium 6
Unbounded PPP IPCP Option Parsing Causes a Worker Stall and Out-of-bounds Read
- Product
- NetX Duo
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Sep 26, 2026Budibase server before 3.45.0 contains a cross-tenant information disclosure vulnerability in the GET /api/applications/:appId/appPackage endpoint that allows aCVE-2026-100688 · Other software · budibase · reported by VulnCheckHigh 7.1
Budibase server before 3.45.0 contains a cross-tenant information disclosure vulnerability in the GET /api/applications/:appId/appPackage endpoint that allows authenticated users to read another tenant's application metadata and source code. Attackers can supply a victim tenant's app id to retrieve sensitive application details including navigation structure, role names, internal screen URLs, JavaScript snippets, and user identifiers without authorization checks.
- Product
- server
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgithub.comvulncheck.com
Sep 25, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp_async: drop the errored frame instead of resetting its headroom ppp_receive_nonmp_framCVE-2026-98158 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67Medium 5.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp_async: drop the errored frame instead of resetting its headroom ppp_receive_nonmp_frame() prepends a two-byte direction tag before running the pass/active BPF filters: *(__be16 *)skb_push(skb, 2) = htons(PPP_FILTER_INBOUND_TAG); Nothing on the receive path guarantees those two bytes of headroom. The frame-error path in ppp_async's process_input_packet() resets a reused skb's headroom to zero while claiming to restore it to a freshly allocated state - but a fresh skb from dev_alloc_skb() carries NET_SKB_PAD: err: if (skb) { /* make skb appear as freshly allocated */ skb_trim(skb, 0); skb_reserve(skb, - skb_headroom(skb)); } ap->rpkt still points at that skb, so the next frame is reassembled into it with no headroom at all. A peer that sends a bad-FCS frame followed by one beginning ff 03 then leaves a single byte of headroom by the time the filter tag is pushed, which lands one byte below skb->head: skbuff: skb_under_panic: len:49 put:2 head:ffff888003c10000 data:ffff888003c0ffff tail:0x30 end:0x640 dev:<NULL> kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:214! RIP: 0010:skb_panic+0x13e/0x
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Sep 25, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp_synctty: ensure a writeable skb header ppp_sync_txmunge() checks headroom before prepeCVE-2026-97964 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp_synctty: ensure a writeable skb header ppp_sync_txmunge() checks headroom before prepending the address and control bytes, but does not ensure that the skb header is writable. A received skb can reach this function through PPP channel bridging without passing through ppp_start_xmit(), which calls skb_cow_head(). For example, a PPPoE frame may share its buffer with a clone queued to an AF_PACKET socket. If it is bridged to a synchronous tty channel, the address/control bytes can overwrite data still visible to that socket. Use skb_cow_head() to ensure both sufficient headroom and a writable header.
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Sep 18, 2026The code in pppd that formats a response to a PEAP Request packet in peap_response() copies an entire TLS record of up to 16384 bytes into the fixed global buffCVE-2026-75883 · Other software · PPP Project · reported by Red HatMedium 6.8
The code in pppd that formats a response to a PEAP Request packet in peap_response() copies an entire TLS record of up to 16384 bytes into the fixed global buffer outpacket_buf without checking the available space and without implementing outgoing PEAP fragmentation. Thus a pppd process connecting to a server which requests PEAP authentication can be induced to corrupt global static data following the outpacket_buf array, most likely causing incorrect behavior or a crash.
- Product
- ppp
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Sep 10, 2026GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows an administrator-controlled PPPoE username to escape a sourced shell configuration assignment and execute arbitrary commands aCVE-2026-88273 · Other software · GeoVision Inc. · reported by 0df08a0e-a200-4957-9bb0-084f562506f9High 7.2
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows an administrator-controlled PPPoE username to escape a sourced shell configuration assignment and execute arbitrary commands as root.
- Product
- GV-LPC2011/LPC2211
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Aug 26, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: l2tp: fix tunnel and session refcount leak on seq_file release In pppol2tp_proc_open() andCVE-2026-74735 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: l2tp: fix tunnel and session refcount leak on seq_file release In pppol2tp_proc_open() and l2tp_dfs_seq_open(), iteration state (pd->tunnel and pd->session) is kept in seq_file private data to allow iteration across multiple read() system calls. However, if userspace closes /proc/net/pppol2tp or /sys/kernel/debug/l2tp/tunnels before reading to end-of-file (EOF), any tunnel or session reference stored in pd->tunnel / pd->session is left un-dropped when seq_file private data is freed. Fix this by dropping any remaining pd->tunnel and pd->session references in pppol2tp_proc_release() and l2tp_dfs_seq_release() when closing the file.
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Aug 26, 2026mp_SetEnddisc() copied a user-supplied PSN endpoint value without length validation, allowing a buffer overflow via the ppp(8) command interface.CVE-2026-58097 · Other software · FreeBSD · reported by secteam@freebsd.orgHigh 7.8
mp_SetEnddisc() copied a user-supplied PSN endpoint value without length validation, allowing a buffer overflow via the ppp(8) command interface. A local user with access to the ppp(8) command interface can crash ppp(8) or potentially execute arbitrary code as root.
- Product
- FreeBSD
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Aug 10, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: defer channel free to an RCU grace period to fix pppol2tp RX UAF pppol2tp_recv() runsCVE-2026-68398 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: defer channel free to an RCU grace period to fix pppol2tp RX UAF pppol2tp_recv() runs in the L2TP UDP-encap softirq RX path: l2tp_udp_encap_recv() -> l2tp_recv_common() -> pppol2tp_recv() -> ppp_input(&po->chan) It runs under rcu_read_lock() holding only an l2tp_session reference and takes NO reference on the internal PPP channel (struct channel, chan->ppp) that ppp_input() dereferences. The pppox socket is SOCK_RCU_FREE, so 'po' and the embedded ppp_channel are RCU-safe. But the internal struct channel is a separate allocation that ppp_release_channel() frees with a plain kfree(): close(data socket) -> pppol2tp_release() -> pppox_unbind_sock() -> ppp_unregister_channel() -> ppp_release_channel() -> kfree(pch) For a channel that is bound (PPPIOCGCHAN) but not attached to a ppp unit (no PPPIOCCONNECT, pch->ppp == NULL) and not bridged, teardown skips both ppp_disconnect_channel()'s synchronize_net() and ppp_unbridge_channels()'s synchronize_rcu(), so the kfree() has no grace period. rcu_read_lock() in pppol2tp_recv() does not protect against a plain kfree(), so an in-flight ppp_input() on one C
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Aug 10, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pppoe: reload header pointer after dev_hard_header() pppoe_sendmsg() saves a pointer to thCVE-2026-68121 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pppoe: reload header pointer after dev_hard_header() pppoe_sendmsg() saves a pointer to the PPPoE header before calling dev_hard_header(). Device header callbacks are allowed to reallocate the skb head, invalidating pointers into it. This can happen when a send is blocked in copy_from_user() while the first non-Ethernet port is added to an empty team device. The team's delegated GRE header callback then expands the skb head. PPPoE subsequently writes six bytes through the stale pointer into the freed head. Reload the PPPoE header through the skb's network-header offset after device header creation. pskb_expand_head() updates that offset when it relocates the head.
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Jul 19, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hdlc_ppp: sync per-proto timers before freeing hdlc state Each PPP control protocol (LCP/ICVE-2026-63803 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hdlc_ppp: sync per-proto timers before freeing hdlc state Each PPP control protocol (LCP/IPCP/IPV6CP) embedded in struct ppp registers a timer via timer_setup(). That struct ppp is the hdlc->state allocation, which detach_hdlc_protocol() frees with kfree() in both teardown paths: unregister_hdlc_device() and the re-attach inside attach_hdlc_protocol(). The ppp proto never registered a .detach callback, so detach_hdlc_protocol() performs no timer synchronization before the kfree(). The only cancel, timer_delete(&proto->timer) in ppp_cp_event(), is partial (it does not wait for a running callback) and only runs on the ->CLOSED transition; ppp_stop()/ppp_close() do not sync either. A ppp_timer callback already executing (blocked on ppp->lock) survives the kfree and then dereferences proto->state / ppp->lock in freed memory, leading to a use-after-free. Fix this by adding a .detach helper that calls timer_shutdown_sync() on every per-proto timer. detach_hdlc_protocol() invokes proto->detach(dev) before kfree(hdlc->state), so timer_shutdown_sync() now runs on both free paths. timer_shutdown_sync() is used instead of
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Jun 25, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: l2tp: pppol2tp: hold reference to session in pppol2tp_ioctl() pppol2tp_ioctl() read sock->CVE-2026-53262 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: l2tp: pppol2tp: hold reference to session in pppol2tp_ioctl() pppol2tp_ioctl() read sock->sk->sk_user_data directly without any locks or reference counting. If a controllable sleep was induced during copy_from_user() (e.g. via a userfaultfd page fault sleep), a concurrent socket close could trigger pppol2tp_session_close() asynchronously. This frees the l2tp_session structure via the l2tp_session_del_work workqueue. Upon resuming, the ioctl thread dereferences the stale session pointer, resulting in a Use-After-Free (UAF). Fix this by securely fetching the session reference using the RCU-safe, refcounted helper pppol2tp_sock_to_session(sk) on entry. This locks the session's refcount across the sleep. We structured the function to exit via standard err breaks, guaranteeing that l2tp_session_put() is cleanly called on all return paths to drop the reference. To preserve existing behavior we validate the session and its magic signature only for the specific L2TP commands that require it. This ensures that generic/unknown ioctls called on an unconnected socket still return -ENOIOCTLCMD and correctly fall back t
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Jun 24, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in target netns for unattached ioctls /dev/ppp open is currentlCVE-2026-53075 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 8.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in target netns for unattached ioctls /dev/ppp open is currently authorized against file->f_cred->user_ns, while unattached administrative ioctls operate on current->nsproxy->net_ns. As a result, a local unprivileged user can create a new user namespace with CLONE_NEWUSER, gain CAP_NET_ADMIN only in that new user namespace, and still issue PPPIOCNEWUNIT, PPPIOCATTACH, or PPPIOCATTCHAN against an inherited network namespace. Require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the user namespace that owns the target network namespace before handling unattached PPP administrative ioctls. This preserves normal pppd operation in the network namespace it is actually privileged in, while rejecting the userns-only inherited-netns case.
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Jun 24, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pppoe: drop PFC frames RFC 2516 Section 7 states that Protocol Field Compression (PFC) is CVE-2026-53003 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 7.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pppoe: drop PFC frames RFC 2516 Section 7 states that Protocol Field Compression (PFC) is NOT RECOMMENDED for PPPoE. In practice, pppd does not support negotiating PFC for PPPoE sessions, and the current PPPoE driver assumes an uncompressed (2-byte) protocol field. However, the generic PPP layer function ppp_input() is not aware of the negotiation result, and still accepts PFC frames. If a peer with a broken implementation or an attacker sends a frame with a compressed (1-byte) protocol field, the subsequent PPP payload is shifted by one byte. This causes the network header to be 4-byte misaligned, which may trigger unaligned access exceptions on some architectures. To reduce the attack surface, drop PPPoE PFC frames. Introduce ppp_skb_is_compressed_proto() helper function to be used in both ppp_generic.c and pppoe.c to avoid open-coding.
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Jun 17, 2026sppp_pap_input in sys/net/if_spppsubr.c in OpenBSD before 076e2b1 allows authentication bypass via certain zero values for lengths.CVE-2026-55706 · Other software · OpenBSD · reported by MITREMedium 5.8
sppp_pap_input in sys/net/if_spppsubr.c in OpenBSD before 076e2b1 allows authentication bypass via certain zero values for lengths.
- Product
- OpenBSD
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordblog.argus-systems.aigithub.com
Jun 17, 2026An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the IPv6 PPPoE configuration handler in TL-WR940N v6 due to improper sanitization of user input.CVE-2026-11409 · Network & remote access · TP-Link Systems Inc. · reported by f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630High 8.5
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the IPv6 PPPoE configuration handler in TL-WR940N v6 due to improper sanitization of user input. An attacker with administrative access may exploit this issue to execute arbitrary system commands with elevated privileges.
- Product
- TL-WR940N v6
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordtp-link.comtp-link.com
Jun 16, 2026In decodeAppPacket of RtcpAppPacket.cpp, there is a possible OOB read due to a missing bounds check.CVE-2026-0141 · Computers, phones & browsers · Google · reported by dsap-vuln-management@google.comMedium 5.3
In decodeAppPacket of RtcpAppPacket.cpp, there is a possible OOB read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- Product
- Android
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Jun 8, 2026In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: flow_dissector: do not dissect PPPoE PFC frames RFC 2516 Section 7 states that Protocol FiCVE-2026-46306 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 7.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: flow_dissector: do not dissect PPPoE PFC frames RFC 2516 Section 7 states that Protocol Field Compression (PFC) is NOT RECOMMENDED for PPPoE. In practice, pppd does not support negotiating PFC for PPPoE sessions, and the flow dissector driver has assumed an uncompressed frame until the blamed commit. During the review process of that commit [1], support for PFC is suggested. However, having a compressed (1-byte) protocol field means the subsequent PPP payload is shifted by one byte, causing 4-byte misalignment for the network header and an unaligned access exception on some architectures. The exception can be reproduced by sending a PPPoE PFC frame to an ethernet interface of a MIPS board, with RPS enabled, even if no PPPoE session is active on that interface: $ 0 : 00000000 80c40000 00000000 85144817 $ 4 : 00000008 00000100 80a75758 81dc9bb8 $ 8 : 00000010 8087ae2c 0000003d 00000000 $12 : 000000e0 00000039 00000000 00000000 $16 : 85043240 80a75758 81dc9bb8 00006488 $20 : 0000002f 00000007 85144810 80a70000 $24 : 81d1bda0 00000000 $28 : 81dc8000 81dc9aa8 00000000 805ead08 Hi : 00009d51 Lo
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Apr 23, 2026An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the pppoeServiceName parameter CVE-2026-31165 · Other software · Totolink · reported by MITREMedium 6.5
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the pppoeServiceName parameter to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.
- Product
- A3300r Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Apr 23, 2026An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the pppoeMtu parameter to /cgi-CVE-2026-31164 · Other software · Totolink · reported by MITREMedium 6.5
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the pppoeMtu parameter to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.
- Product
- A3300r Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Apr 8, 2026A vulnerability has been discovered in D-Link DI-8003 16.07.26A1, which can lead to a buffer overflow when the s parameter in the pppoe_list_opt.asp endpoint isCVE-2025-50645 · Other software · Dlink · reported by MITREHigh 7.5
A vulnerability has been discovered in D-Link DI-8003 16.07.26A1, which can lead to a buffer overflow when the s parameter in the pppoe_list_opt.asp endpoint is manipulated. By sending a crafted request with an excessively large value for the s parameter, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow condition.
- Product
- Di-8003 Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgithub.comsupportannouncement.us.dlink.com
Jan 12, 2026Buffer Overflow in the ippprint (Internet Printing Protocol) service in Sagemcom F@st 3686 MAGYAR_4.121.0 allows remote attacker to execute arbitrary code by seCVE-2025-29329 · Other software · Sagemcom · reported by MITRECritical 9.8
Buffer Overflow in the ippprint (Internet Printing Protocol) service in Sagemcom F@st 3686 MAGYAR_4.121.0 allows remote attacker to execute arbitrary code by sending a crafted HTTP request.
- Product
- F@st 3686 Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Dec 8, 2025In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: associate skb with a device at tx Syzkaller triggered flow dissector warning with theCVE-2022-50655 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: associate skb with a device at tx Syzkaller triggered flow dissector warning with the following: r0 = openat$ppp(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000000), 0xc0802, 0x0) ioctl$PPPIOCNEWUNIT(r0, 0xc004743e, &(0x7f00000000c0)) ioctl$PPPIOCSACTIVE(r0, 0x40107446, &(0x7f0000000240)={0x2, &(0x7f0000000180)=[{0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0xfffff034}, {0x6}]}) pwritev(r0, &(0x7f0000000040)=[{&(0x7f0000000140)='\x00!', 0x2}], 0x1, 0x0, 0x0) [ 9.485814] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 329 at net/core/flow_dissector.c:1016 __skb_flow_dissect+0x1ee0/0x1fa0 [ 9.485929] skb_get_poff+0x53/0xa0 [ 9.485937] bpf_skb_get_pay_offset+0xe/0x20 [ 9.485944] ? ppp_send_frame+0xc2/0x5b0 [ 9.485949] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x40/0x60 [ 9.485958] ? __ppp_xmit_process+0x7a/0xe0 [ 9.485968] ? ppp_xmit_process+0x5b/0xb0 [ 9.485974] ? ppp_write+0x12a/0x190 [ 9.485981] ? do_iter_write+0x18e/0x2d0 [ 9.485987] ? __import_iovec+0x30/0x130 [ 9.485997] ? do_pwritev+0x1b6/0x240 [ 9.486016] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0x47/0x50 [ 9.486023] ? __x64_sys_pwritev+0x24/0x30 [ 9.486026] ? do_syscall_64+0x3d/0x80 [ 9.486031]
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Oct 30, 2025AppPresser – Mobile App Framework: Unauthorized access of dataCVE-2025-11881 · WordPress plugins & themes · reported by WordfenceMedium 5.3
The AppPresser – Mobile App Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'myappp_verify' function in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive data including plugin and theme names and version numbers, which can be used to facilitate targeted attacks against outdated or vulnerable components.
- Product
- AppPresser – Mobile App Framework
- Affected
- up to 4.5.0
- What to do
- Affects up to 4.5.0. Update AppPresser – Mobile App Framework to the newest version and check its changelog mentions this fix; if there isn’t one yet, deactivate it until there is.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordplugins.trac.wordpress.orgplugins.trac.wordpress.org
Oct 9, 2025D-Link DIR-816A2_FWv1.10CNB05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the statuscheckpppoeuser parameter in the dir_setWanWifi function.CVE-2025-61577 · Other software · Dlink · reported by MITREHigh 7.5
D-Link DIR-816A2_FWv1.10CNB05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the statuscheckpppoeuser parameter in the dir_setWanWifi function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input.
- Product
- Dir-816 Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Sep 19, 2025In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: fix memory leak in pad_compress_skb If alloc_skb() fails in pad_compress_skb(), it reCVE-2025-39847 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67Medium 5.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: fix memory leak in pad_compress_skb If alloc_skb() fails in pad_compress_skb(), it returns NULL without releasing the old skb. The caller does: skb = pad_compress_skb(ppp, skb); if (!skb) goto drop; drop: kfree_skb(skb); When pad_compress_skb() returns NULL, the reference to the old skb is lost and kfree_skb(skb) ends up doing nothing, leading to a memory leak. Align pad_compress_skb() semantics with realloc(): only free the old skb if allocation and compression succeed. At the call site, use the new_skb variable so the original skb is not lost when pad_compress_skb() fails.
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Sep 18, 2025A command injection vulnerability in COMFAST CF-XR11 (firmware V2.7.2) exists in the multi_pppoe API, processed by the sub_423930 function in /usr/bin/webmgnt.CVE-2025-57293 · Other software · Comfast · reported by MITREHigh 8.8
A command injection vulnerability in COMFAST CF-XR11 (firmware V2.7.2) exists in the multi_pppoe API, processed by the sub_423930 function in /usr/bin/webmgnt. The phy_interface parameter is not sanitized, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary commands via a POST request to /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET§ion=multi_pppoe. When the action parameter is set to "one_click_redial", the unsanitized phy_interface is used in a system() call, enabling execution of malicious commands. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive files, execution of arbitrary code, or full device compromise.
- Product
- Cf-xr11 Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Sep 9, 2025Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the pppoeServerWhiteMacIndex parameter in the formModifyPppAuthWhiteMac function.CVE-2025-57078 · Network & remote access · Tenda · reported by MITREHigh 7.5
Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the pppoeServerWhiteMacIndex parameter in the formModifyPppAuthWhiteMac function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.
- Product
- G3 Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Sep 9, 2025Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the pPppUser parameter in the getsinglepppuser function.CVE-2025-57069 · Network & remote access · Tenda · reported by MITREHigh 7.5
Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the pPppUser parameter in the getsinglepppuser function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.
- Product
- G3 Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Sep 5, 2025In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: fix race conditions in ppp_fill_forward_path ppp_fill_forward_path() has two race conCVE-2025-39673 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67Critical 9.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: fix race conditions in ppp_fill_forward_path ppp_fill_forward_path() has two race conditions: 1. The ppp->channels list can change between list_empty() and list_first_entry(), as ppp_lock() is not held. If the only channel is deleted in ppp_disconnect_channel(), list_first_entry() may access an empty head or a freed entry, and trigger a panic. 2. pch->chan can be NULL. When ppp_unregister_channel() is called, pch->chan is set to NULL before pch is removed from ppp->channels. Fix these by using a lockless RCU approach: - Use list_first_or_null_rcu() to safely test and access the first list entry. - Convert list modifications on ppp->channels to their RCU variants and add synchronize_net() after removal. - Check for a NULL pch->chan before dereferencing it.
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Sep 3, 2025Improper handling of insufficient permission in AppPrelaunchManagerService prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 in Chinese Android 15 allows local attackers to execuCVE-2025-21030 · Computers, phones & browsers · Samsung Mobile · reported by mobile.security@samsung.comMedium 4.3
Improper handling of insufficient permission in AppPrelaunchManagerService prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 in Chinese Android 15 allows local attackers to execute arbitrary application in the background.
- Product
- Samsung Mobile Devices
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordsecurity.samsungmobile.com
Aug 19, 2025In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pptp: ensure minimal skb length in pptp_xmit() Commit aabc6596ffb3 ("net: ppp: Add bound cCVE-2025-38574 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 8.6
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pptp: ensure minimal skb length in pptp_xmit() Commit aabc6596ffb3 ("net: ppp: Add bound checking for skb data on ppp_sync_txmung") fixed ppp_sync_txmunge() We need a similar fix in pptp_xmit(), otherwise we might read uninit data as reported by syzbot. BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in pptp_xmit+0xc34/0x2720 drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c:193 pptp_xmit+0xc34/0x2720 drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c:193 ppp_channel_bridge_input drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2290 [inline] ppp_input+0x1d6/0xe60 drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2314 pppoe_rcv_core+0x1e8/0x760 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:379 sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148 __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213 release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767 pppoe_sendmsg+0x15d/0xcb0 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:904 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0x330/0x3d0 net/socket.c:727 ____sys_sendmsg+0x893/0xd80 net/socket.c:2566 ___sys_sendmsg+0x271/0x3b0 net/socket.c:2620 __sys_sendmmsg+0x2d9/0x7c0 net/socket.c:2709
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Aug 12, 2025Use after free in Remote Access Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) EAP-TLS allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.CVE-2025-50159 · Computers, phones & browsers · Microsoft · reported by secure@microsoft.comHigh 7.3
Use after free in Remote Access Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) EAP-TLS allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
- Product
- Windows 10 Version 1507
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Aug 7, 2025A command injection vulnerability exists in the 'passwd' parameter of the PPPoE setup process on the Shenzhen Aitemi M300 Wi-Fi Repeater (hardware model MT02).CVE-2025-34151 · Other software · Shenzhen Aitemi E Commerce Co. Ltd. · reported by VulnCheckCritical 9.4
A command injection vulnerability exists in the 'passwd' parameter of the PPPoE setup process on the Shenzhen Aitemi M300 Wi-Fi Repeater (hardware model MT02). The input is passed directly to system-level commands without sanitation, enabling unauthenticated attackers to achieve root-level code execution.
- Product
- M300 Wi-Fi Repeater
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordchocapikk.comaliexpress.us
Aug 7, 2025The PPPoE configuration interface of the Shenzhen Aitemi M300 Wi-Fi Repeater (hardware model MT02) is vulnerable to command injection via the 'user' parameter.CVE-2025-34150 · Other software · Shenzhen Aitemi E Commerce Co. Ltd. · reported by VulnCheckCritical 9.4
The PPPoE configuration interface of the Shenzhen Aitemi M300 Wi-Fi Repeater (hardware model MT02) is vulnerable to command injection via the 'user' parameter. Input is processed unsafely during network setup, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary system commands with root privileges.
- Product
- M300 Wi-Fi Repeater
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordchocapikk.comaliexpress.us
Aug 1, 2025An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in Netgear routers (tested on the DGN2200B model) firmware versions 1.0.0.36 and prior via the pppoe.CVE-2013-10060 · Network & remote access · Netgear · reported by VulnCheckCritical 9.4
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in Netgear routers (tested on the DGN2200B model) firmware versions 1.0.0.36 and prior via the pppoe.cgi endpoint. A remote attacker with valid credentials can execute arbitrary commands via crafted input to the pppoe_username parameter. This flaw allows full compromise of the device and may persist across reboots unless configuration is restored.
- Product
- DGN2200B
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordraw.githubusercontent.comweb.archive.org
Jul 25, 2025In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: flowtable: account for Ethernet header in nf_flow_pppoe_proto() syzbot found a CVE-2025-38441 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67Medium 5.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: flowtable: account for Ethernet header in nf_flow_pppoe_proto() syzbot found a potential access to uninit-value in nf_flow_pppoe_proto() Blamed commit forgot the Ethernet header. BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in nf_flow_offload_inet_hook+0x7e4/0x940 net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c:27 nf_flow_offload_inet_hook+0x7e4/0x940 net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c:27 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:157 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xe1/0x3d0 net/netfilter/core.c:623 nf_hook_ingress include/linux/netfilter_netdev.h:34 [inline] nf_ingress net/core/dev.c:5742 [inline] __netif_receive_skb_core+0x4aff/0x70c0 net/core/dev.c:5837 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5975 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0xcc/0xac0 net/core/dev.c:6090 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6176 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x57/0x630 net/core/dev.c:6235 tun_rx_batched+0x1df/0x980 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x4ee0/0x6b40 drivers/net/tun.c:1938 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3e9/0x5c0 drivers/net/tun.c:1984 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0xb4b/0x1580 fs/read_write.c:686 ks
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
May 1, 2025In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ppp: Add bound checking for skb data on ppp_sync_txmung Ensure we have enough data inCVE-2025-37749 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67High 8.2
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ppp: Add bound checking for skb data on ppp_sync_txmung Ensure we have enough data in linear buffer from skb before accessing initial bytes. This prevents potential out-of-bounds accesses when processing short packets. When ppp_sync_txmung receives an incoming package with an empty payload: (remote) gef➤ p *(struct pppoe_hdr *) (skb->head + skb->network_header) $18 = { type = 0x1, ver = 0x1, code = 0x0, sid = 0x2, length = 0x0, tag = 0xffff8880371cdb96 } from the skb struct (trimmed) tail = 0x16, end = 0x140, head = 0xffff88803346f400 "4", data = 0xffff88803346f416 ":\377", truesize = 0x380, len = 0x0, data_len = 0x0, mac_len = 0xe, hdr_len = 0x0, it is not safe to access data[2]. [pabeni@redhat.com: fixed subj typo]
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Apr 21, 2025The passprompt plugin in pppd in ppp before 2.5.2 mishandles privileges.CVE-2024-58250 · Other software · Samba · reported by MITRECritical 9.3
The passprompt plugin in pppd in ppp before 2.5.2 mishandles privileges.
- Product
- ppp
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Apr 1, 2025In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: Fix KMSAN uninit-value warning with bpf Syzbot caught an "KMSAN: uninit-value" warninCVE-2025-21922 · Computers, phones & browsers · Linux · reported by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67Medium 5.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ppp: Fix KMSAN uninit-value warning with bpf Syzbot caught an "KMSAN: uninit-value" warning [1], which is caused by the ppp driver not initializing a 2-byte header when using socket filter. The following code can generate a PPP filter BPF program: ''' struct bpf_program fp; pcap_t *handle; handle = pcap_open_dead(DLT_PPP_PPPD, 65535); pcap_compile(handle, &fp, "ip and outbound", 0, 0); bpf_dump(&fp, 1); ''' Its output is: ''' (000) ldh [2] (001) jeq #0x21 jt 2 jf 5 (002) ldb [0] (003) jeq #0x1 jt 4 jf 5 (004) ret #65535 (005) ret #0 ''' Wen can find similar code at the following link: https://github.com/ppp-project/ppp/blob/master/pppd/options.c#L1680 The maintainer of this code repository is also the original maintainer of the ppp driver. As you can see the BPF program skips 2 bytes of data and then reads the 'Protocol' field to determine if it's an IP packet. Then it read the first byte of the first 2 bytes to determine the direction. The issue is that only the first byte indicating direction is initialized in current ppp driver code while the second byte is not initialized. For normal BPF programs generate
- Product
- Linux
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordgit.kernel.orggit.kernel.org
Mar 13, 2025AppPresser – Mobile App Framework: Stored Cross-Site ScriptingCVE-2025-1561 · WordPress plugins & themes · reported by WordfenceHigh 7.2
The AppPresser – Mobile App Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'title' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.4.10 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages when logging is enabled that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
- Product
- AppPresser – Mobile App Framework
- Affected
- up to 4.4.10
- What to do
- Affects up to 4.4.10. Update AppPresser – Mobile App Framework to the newest version and check its changelog mentions this fix; if there isn’t one yet, deactivate it until there is.
Full record and what to do →NVD recordplugins.trac.wordpress.orgplugins.trac.wordpress.org
Feb 13, 2025A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in TP-Link TL-WR841ND V11 via the username and password parameters at /userRpm/PPPoEv6CfgRpm.htm.CVE-2025-25900 · Network & remote access · Tp-link · reported by MITREMedium 4.9
A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in TP-Link TL-WR841ND V11 via the username and password parameters at /userRpm/PPPoEv6CfgRpm.htm. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted packet.
- Product
- Tl-wr841nd V11 Firmware
- What to do
- Apply the vendor’s update. The NVD record links to the advisory.
Where this comes from: the exploited list is CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Everything else is the whole National Vulnerability Database, where each record is published by the team that found the bug (Wordfence, Patchstack, WPScan, the vendors themselves and others); we show who. Exploit odds are FIRST’s EPSS, updated daily. Titles and categories are ours, so check the linked record before acting on a detail. For a write-up of the big ones, see our advisories. Every vendor, and every WordPress plugin and theme with a recorded flaw, also has its own page. All of it is free to reuse as JSON, CSV or RSS.
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